Works Ethical theories essay "Kant's Moral Philosophy. Kant knew that only rational being could be expected to have a maxim of morality. Thomson Business. Virtue ethics is currently one of three major approaches in normative ethics. The business is also becoming one of the leading companies and a well-known case study of the fair trade principles within the market. Ethical Behavior in Organizations Words: Length: 25 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper : The Signal, ethical theories essay.
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Forensic Mental Health The purpose of this paper is to discuss the practicalities of capacity, confidentiality, and consent concerning the Family esponsibilities Commission and how these three compare to the forensic context that is probation and parole in Australia. The paper will seek to highlight the similarities ethical theories essay the differences that exist within these two contexts. With regards to the Family esponsibilities Commission, the ethical theories essay of confidentiality is that everything is private. This is because the Family esponsibilities Commissions Ethical theories essay of states that a person is not allowed by the law to record, disclose or use any confidential information that is attained by such an individual by being involved in the administration of the Act.
There is preservation of confidentiality such that an individual is not mandated in any way to disclose any information that is deemed confidential by a court or a tribunal. Ethical theories essay addition, an individual is…. References Bevan, C. Probation: Current Position and New Directions. Australian Institute of Criminology. pdf Family Responsibilities Commission Act Kopelman, L. On the evaluative nature of competency and capacity judgments. International Journal of Law and Psichiatry, 13, Leivesley, S. Queensland Probation and Parole Service. Ethical Theories The three basic ethical theories share a number of similarities, because they each attempt to describe and explicate the ethical decisions made by humans as well as the logic or illogic that is used to inform any particular behavior.
Utilitarianism offers what is perhaps the most sound ethical theory due to the way it chooses for itself the goal of its efforts, but it is hampered by disagreement regarding the precise execution of the theory. A deontological theory of ethics may be useful for formulating general rules regarding proper behavior, and as such is popular is the workplace, but these rules are not universally applicable and in some cases can actually lead to unethical behavior if followed without fail. Finally, while virtues-based ethics purports to offer individuals instruction for the cultivation of ideal behavioral traits, by definition it cannot offer a universal ethical norm, as it is based….
References Begley, A. Practising virtue: A challenge to the view that a virtue centred approach to ethics lacks practical content. Nursing Ethics, 12 6 Broad, C. Five types of ethical theory. New York: Routledge. Darwall Ed, ethical theories essay. Virtue ethics. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. DeConinck, J. The influence of deontological and teleological considerations and ethical climate on sales managers intentions to reward or punish sales force behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 16 5 Ethical Theories Describe in detail Teleological, deontological, and virtue ethics: A comparison Teleological ethics are also called consequence-based ethics.
Teleological ethical systems emphasize the results of ethical decisions, versus the moral principles behind such decisions. Utilitarianism is an excellent example of teleological ethics. The stress in utilitarianism is doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people, versus setting a precedent for all ethical actions. What is good for the greatest number of people one day may not be the case several years from now, or even to morrow. For example, no one would state that as an abstract moral principle, having to fire competent employees is a 'good thing. Deontological ethics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Utilitarian Abortion Considerations: The utilitarian perspective applied to the abortion issue would focus on whether permitting or prohibiting elective abortion would contribute more positively the interests of society Mill, p The principal difference between the utilitarian and deontological perspectives is that utilitarianism is wholly unconcerned with the underlying motivation for decisions.
Whereas deontological formalism values the state of mind of the individual, utilitarianism focuses on the ultimate consequences of the act, irrespective of motivation Russell, p Within the utilitarian ethical perspective, rule utilitarianism ethical theories essay promote the choice associated with the overall benefit to others and to society if it were adhered to religiously in all circumstances, irrespective of isolated cases in which the rule produced a negative result Russell, p For example, in a society where relative birth and death rates were such that the continuation of society were in jeopardy, the utilitarian perspective might require…. Dershowitz, p Therefore, the contemporary utilitarian approach to morality in human life is to consider other definitions of "goodness" and "benefit" rather than equating morality with the interests of the greatest number.
In many respects, that is the perspective exemplified by the modern American justice system Dershowitz, p Under that view, the moral rightness or wrongness of elective abortion would seek to weigh the manner in which permitting abortions might benefit society and how that decision would affect all of the individuals directly involved in specific situations. If the initial assumption is that society is benefited by the respect for the autonomous rights of individuals to make personal decisions about abortion without interference from the state, utilitarianism would support the freedom to make that decision.
Under the act utilitarianism perspective, therefore, certain types of abortions such as in cases of rape, incest, or medical necessity for the life of the mother. For example, and employee might decide they will ethical theories essay be ethical theories essay for a meeting, which will appear to be a noble duty, ethical theories essay there might be a hidden reason towards this action. Maybe the employee prefers to sit in a particular place or sit. Another negative attribute of the deontology theory is the fact that it is mostly concerned with the individual's welfare and not others. Utilitarianism theory This theory deals with the individual's ability to foresee the consequences of their actions.
A person will have to analyze the choice they make to ensure that they benefit more people Weymark, Using this theory a person can compare similar past solutions, and develop a system that determines which choice will be most beneficial for a majority of people. For a large corporation, this theory would be beneficial because employees will endeavor to perform their duties while analyzing the consequences of…. References Ronzoni, M. Teleology, Deontology, and the Priority of the Right: On Some Ethical theories essay Distinctions.
doi: Measurement theory and the foundations of utilitarianism. These are ethics that know no cultural bounds. hat is perceived as ethical in one society as well as any other is an example of a natural law. These are typically based on the human desire for equality as well as the desire to do good "hat is Natural Law? Furthermore, natural rights evolve legally from natural laws often. They also often see an intertwining of religious beliefs, although they can also be expressed as more an intertwining of moral beliefs that are then supported by religion. The primary weakness of natural law theory is that it is sometimes difficult to determine if a belief is truly universal, or simply cultural.
Virtue Ethics: Virtue ethics determines whether an action is right or wrong by the virtue of the action. Virtue ethics is currently one of three major approaches in normative ethics. It may, initially, be identified as the one that…. Works Cited "Kant's Moral Philosophy. MacKinnon, Barbara. Ethics: theory and contemporary issues, ethical theories essay. Belmont, Calif. Nursing Ethical Theories Ethical Theories in Nursing Significance of Moral in Nursing Deontology vs. Utilitarianism Deontology Utilitarianism Justice Ethics vs, ethical theories essay. Care Ethics Justice Ethics Care Ethics ights Ethics Conflict of ights Ethical Theories in Nursing Moral philosophy has moved from addressing Plato's question of what makes the good person, to Kant's query as to the right thing to do, to Buber's concern with relationship.
Ethical theories essay referring to business ethics' interest in relationships between corporations and consumers; legal ethics' focus on relationships among the legal system, clients, and society; or nursing ethics' consideration of the relationship between patient and nurse; ethics and morality are conceptualized and actualized on the playing field of relationship. The nature of nursing as a moral endeavor is an assumption embedded in any philosophical or theoretical consideration of the discipline and practice of nursing. An the goal of nursing is a moral one, namely, the good of…, ethical theories essay. References Bandman, E. Nursing ethics through the lifespan 3rd ed. Between man and man R. Friedman, Trans. New York: Macmillan. Original work published Carper, B.
The ethics of caring. Advances in Nursing Science, 1 3Cooper, M. Principle-oriented ethics and the ethic of care: A creative tension. Advances in Nursing Science, ethical theories essay, 14 2ethical theories essay, Cruzan Case through a variety of medical ethical perspectives The Consequentialist Paradigm The ethical paradigm of consequentialism, ethical theories essay, as its name suggests, is the view that "normative properties," in other words, ethical theories essay actions in the world, should be judged upon and "depend only" upon their resultant consequences. Sinnott-Armstrong, The Nancy Cruzan case is famous legal a 'right to die' case whereby, ethical theories essay, after Nancy Cruzan was almost killed in a car crash, "years later, Cruzan's parents wanted to withdraw the artificial hydration and nutrition that kept their daughter alive," whom was deemed 'brain dead' or in a permanent vegetative ethical theories essay, at the time Healthcare ethics, The general approach of consequentialist ethics could be applied in this ethical theories essay regarding the moral rightness of acts, holding that "whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act or of something related to that act such as the motive….
Works Cited Gowans, Chris. Edward N, ethical theories essay. Zalta, Editor. Healthcare ethics. Ethics and Experimentation Ethics and Medical Experimentation On Staten Island there was an institution for the mentally disabled which operated from tobut in the period from throughchildren at the institution were used for experiments involving hepatitis. Although the experiments are considered to be successful, the involvement of ethical theories essay disabled children has brought many ethical considerations to the forefront.
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New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc. Perspectives in Business Ethics. New York, NY: Academic Internet Publ. Academic Internet Publ. Trevino, L. Managing Business Ethics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons. Need a custom Essay sample written from scratch by professional specifically for you? certified writers online. Ethical theories. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. If you continue, we will assume that you agree to our Cookies Policy. Learn More. We will write a custom Essay on Ethical theories specifically for you! Not sure if you can write a paper on Ethical theories by yourself?
This essay on Ethical theories was written and submitted by your fellow student. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. Removal Request. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Ethical and Moral Issues in Business Ethics Game Simulation. GET WRITING HELP. Cite This paper. Select a referencing style:. Copy to Clipboard Copied! APA-6 MLA-8 Chicago N-B Chicago A-D Harvard. Reference IvyPanda. Work Cited "Ethical theories. Bibliography IvyPanda. References IvyPanda. More related papers. Testing an Ethical Decision-Making Theory: The Case of Softlifting. Journal of Management Information Systems, 15 1 , ethical or unethical ground rules manifested in the situation ethical theory that is broken as well as which ethics theories should be applied to remedy the situation.
The Murdoch incident involved various leading British newspapers, specifically the 'News of the World' but also other tabloids all published by News International, all of which were a subsidiary of News corporation. The owner of News corporation was upert Murdoch hence the alias The Murdoch phone hacking scandal. Essentially, employees of the corporation were accused of employing improper means in their endeavor to gain new stories such as telephone hacking and bribing police officers during the years , and their targets for these stories almost always involved celebrities, members of the oyal family, and politicians.
On 6 July, British prime minister David Cameron announced that a special investigation commission would investigate the incident. Lord Justice Levesonas named chairman of the inquiry on 13…. References Davies, N. Trail of hacking and deceit under nose of Tory PR chief. The Guardian UK. Phone-hacking inquiry extended to include broadcasters and social media. Straubhaar, Joseph, LaRose, R. Media Now: Understanding Media, Culture, and Technology. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Heawood, J. A new manifesto for media ethics.. The Guardian. Theory vs.
Practice When it comes to working in any sort of organization or corporation, one of the obvious chasms that becomes clear here is the relationship between theory and what is practiced in a small business setting. A common refrain seen in the blogosphere and elsewhere is that there is a disconnect between what is suggested in the minds of theorists and within…. This effectively means that from time to time, nurses are called upon make ethical decisions -- decisions that could have a huge impact on the well-being of patients. One of the current ethical issues being faced by nurses is whether or not to lie to patients. ecently, it was revealed that psychiatrists and nurses caring for dementia patients were actively practicing what Williams refers to as "therapeutic lying" in an attempt to keep the said patients happy.
The question that ought to be answered in this case is; should nurses withhold some potentially upsetting information about diseases that happen to be life-threatening? Ethical Principles and Theories at Issue The ethical principles at work…. References American Medical Association -- ANA Short Definitions of Ethical Principles and Theories: Familiar Words, What do they Mean? pdf Corner, J. Cancer Nursing: Care in Context 2nd Ed. Williams, A. Dementia sufferers told white lies to keep them happy: Nurses and psychiatrists admit 'therapeutic lying' to confused patients.
Utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethical framework. The consequences of an action are more important than the motivations behind the action or the action itself. An action has "utility" if it serves the greatest good. The basic principle of utilitarianism is creating the greatest good for the greatest number of people, or the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Central to utilitarianism is the belief that all people are inherently equal and of equal consideration when making ethical decisions p. John Stuart Mill outlined the core tenets of utilitarianism, which became a fundamental component of Enlightenment political philosophy. Another utilitarian philosopher, Jeremy Bentham, proposed a happiness calculus that can be used to more rigorously apply….
Here, Aristotle recognizes the variances which appear to define our establishment of the means to pursuing happiness, musing that "the characteristics that are looked for in happiness seem also, all of them, to belong to what we have defined happiness as being. For some identify happiness with virtue, some with practical wisdom, others with a kind of philosophic wisdom, others with these, or one of these, accompanied by pleasure or not without pleasure; while others include also external prosperity. His argument engages in the dialectical process to discern that which is 'good' apart from that which is 'evil' or 'neutral. Works Cited Eliot, G.
Penguin Classics. McNickle, D. University of New Mexico Press. Rachels, James. The Utilitarian Approach. The Elements of Moral Philosophy, pg. New York: McGraw Hill. Kant and Respect for Persons. Ethical Issues in Nursing Scenario The scenario in this study involves a nurse who has intentionally disregarded the elderly patient's expressed wishes to receive pressure area care. The patient finds the procedure uncomfortable, embarrassing, and painful. The nurse continues to turn the patient in spite of the patient's wishes. This study will answer if the nurse is justified in turning the patient and if so, on what ethical grounds and if not then why not. This case will be discussed in light of the principles of bioethics and at least one ethical issue.
The work of Lakeman entitled "Nurses as Tools: Instrumentality and Implications for Nursing Ethics" states "Nurses are left in a particularly compromised position when required to administer compulsory treatment. The task of administering the treatment is often left to nurses who are legally required to follow "doctor's orders. Bibliography Browning, J. Ethical Issues. htm Johnstone, M. Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Sydney: Harcourt Saunders. Jonsen, AR, Siegler, M and Winslade, WJ Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Clinical Medicine, 4th ed.
New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Kurtz, R. The caring ethic: more than kindness, the core of nursing science. Nursing Forum, 26 1 , Ethical Practices ithin Business BP Struggles to Resolve Sustainability Disaster Over the past 20th century and in the 21st century, ethics has neither been an option nor a luxury. It has not only become a moral or legal responsibility, but has also been an organizational priority within all sets of work groups, including both public and private institutions, organizations and companies. These ill and unethical acts may in the long run impoverish a section of the regional economy through various organizations while enriching the crafty economies.
Organizational leaders must thereby keep abreast of the rapidly changing technological advancements together with their possible effects on globalization, competitor products and services, opportunities, and threats that their organizations may face. Over a century, BP, the formerly Anglo-Persian Oil Company…. Work Cited Carl, Safina. BP Struggles to Resolve Sustainability Disaster. Annual Report and Form- Case 4, , , Mudra did not act according to this principle when he ignored the warning signs of Daniel's condition. Daniel's age is also an important factor. Concomitantly with his condition, Daniel's immaturity and a desire to "prove" his independence to his parents, could have contributed to his death.
When treating such young persons, it is perhaps advisable to place emphasis upon non-maleficence rather than respect for autonomy. In terms of these two principles, it would be acceptable for the parents to complain. In terms of scope, the final principle, justice, is not as applicable to Daniel's case itself as it is to his parents. The parents feel aggrieved by the practitioner's lack of in-depth knowledge and action regarding Daniel's condition. They are seeking justice for themselves, but it is too late for such…. Bibliography Stone, J. Applebe, G. The Pharmaceutical Press Gillon, R. Principles of health care ethics.
Te organization is a not-for-profit c3 tax-exempt status and domiciled in O'Fallon Missouri, United States. Yout LifeLine America YLA operates in multiple cities trougout America providing services targeted to te adolescent. Specifically, YLA coordinate efforts to influence yout via suc mediums as te arts, entertainment, sports and celebrities, to teac ways to be productive and encourage a mindset of sustained development. YLA is a small business employing below ten employees. According to Angela Castelli, YLA as a very targeted approac to assisting te yout population. php Dismal Ethics. Ethical Scenarios in Nursing Education The scenario chosen for this analysis is one in which a colleague failed to conduct a class as was planned allowing students to leave early and not following instructions for the class.
The problem that resulted is that only two groups presented in person and the other two groups posted their presentations on the Web. This content is scheduled on the next exam and no time is left for the student presentations. This problem is one that should be handled in a manner that retains due respect for the colleague who instructed the class during the absence of the individual who was the instructor for this class. One of the principles in the statement of ethics for nursing education states as follows: "As colleagues, professors have obligations that derive from common membership in the community of scholars. Professors do not discriminate against or harass colleagues. Bibliography Statement on Professional Ethics American Association of University Professors.
Various objections to capital punishment hinge on religious beliefs. On the other hand, the American justice system does not recognize religious principles. Capital punishment also raises numerous ethical issues pertaining to the likelihood of errors in its administration. Lethal injection, for example, causes excruciating pain and a slow death from prolonged suffocation instead of instantaneous death if it is performed incorrectly. If suffering of this nature were considered torture when inflicted purposely, what incidence of error would be enough to prohibit lethal injection altogether on ethical grounds? Finally, does the prospect of erroneous conviction or disproportionate application to the poor or to racial minorities undermine all the other ethical justifications for capital punishment?
eferences osenstand, N. The Moral of the Story: An Introduction to Ethics. New York:…. References Rosenstand, N. New York: McGraw-Hill. Ethical Issues Surrounding Abortion Notwithstanding the laws being passed in various states against a woman's right to chose to terminate her pregnancy, the position of this paper is that Roe v. ade is the law of the land and a woman has the ethical and moral right to decide to have an abortion. There are many positions for and against Roe v. ade, and there are many ethical issues that may be and in many cases are embraced on both sides of the issue.
But the law of the land vis-a-vis a woman's right to the privacy -- regarding her own values -- when it comes to terminating a pregnancy has been determined by the High Court. As a nurse committed to fairness and ethics in healthcare issues, while I respect the rights of others to practice their own values in opposition to Roe v. ade, I am in support…. Works Cited Abort Abortion Statistics. Glionna, John M. Arizona passes law restricting abortion. Los Angeles Times. Jones, K. Ethics of abortion: the arguments for and against. Nursing Standard, 21 37 , Ethical Subjectivsim Ethical subjectivism Ethical subjectivism could also be called 'relativism,' or the notion that there is no external, objective moral authority. We as humans create our ethical norms, and ethics are culturally contextual.
Ethical subjectivism stands in contrast to objectivism, which holds that there are objective moral standards by which all moral actions should be judged. A good example of this can be seen in the pragmatic philosophy of William James. In his Varieties of eligious Experience, James argued that all faiths were effectively divided into two categories: that of the 'religion of healthy-mindedness' and the 'sick soul. References Agler, David. Lecture 3: Ethical subjectivism and emotivism. pdf Ethical subjectivism. Philosophy Basics. Ethical Practice Involves Working Positively Diversity Difference Counseling is a profession that involves associations based on principles and values ethically. Patients are able to benefit by understanding themselves better and through creating relationships with others.
Through counseling, the clients are able to make positive alteration in life and enhance their living standards. Communities, organizations, couples and families are different groups of individuals are main sources of relationships BACP Ethical Framework, , p. Frameworks of ethical practice direct the attention of counseling practitioners to engage in ethical responsibilities. This stud describes the purpose of each principle following the development of good counseling practice. Practitioners make reasonable decisions grounded on these principles without making any contradictions. Nevertheless, research indicates that professionals have met barriers hindering them to integrate all the principles in some cases. In such situations, they are forced to select between required principles.
A course of action or a decision…. References BACP Ethical Framework. The Ethical Framework for Good Practice in Counselling. Pp Accessed April 7, from www. pdf Clarkson, P. The Therapeutic Relationship. New York NY: Wiley Handout 1. MkSame-Sex Relationships, an Historical Overview. A review by Robin Heme Handout 2. What are the potential abuses of these kinds of power in the relationship between counsellor and client? Janet Dowding Ethical Behaviors of Mattel in the Toy Industry The ethicacy of corporate behaviors are influenced by a myriad of factors yet most strongly reflect the internal culture, alignment of leadership to vision, and accumulated trade-offs made by management over years of ethical decisions, trade-offs and outcomes.
In the study Mattel, Inc. The life-cycle analysis of company-based code of conduct also illustrates how creating a solid ethical foundation using a Corporate Social esponsibility CS platform is only as effective as the aligning of senior management, vision and mission, and manufacturing, sourcing, supply chain and distribution is Sethi, Veral, Shapiro, Emelianova, References Gordley, J. Good faith and profit maximization. Review of Business, 19 4 , Heinze, E. The meta-ethics of law: Book one of Aristotle's Nicomachean ethics. International Journal of Law in Context, 6 1 , Kielsgard, M.
Universalism and human rights in the 21st century. Asia Pacific Law Review, 19 2 , Machan, T. Aristotle and the moral status of business. Journal of Value Inquiry, 38 2 , For example, the plants produced through genetic modification can pollinate with the conventionally produced plants and can make them genetically modified as well. Kaplan In addition to that, the genetically modified crops that were developed with a strong ability to resist herbicides, so that a large amount of strong weed killers can be used of them, have enabled the weeds to develop strong resistance against the herbicides and hence these genetically modified crops have led towards the production of 'super weeds' which are very difficult to control.
There is a high probability that the genetically modified plants will lead towards the development of the 'super viruses' as the genes from the plants, which are designed to resist strong viruses, travel to other plants. Kaplan Exclusion of People from the Experiment If we keep aside the above discussed threats, another issue that confronts the genetic modification of plant is…. Works cited Bhuiya, Shayla. Kaplan, David. What's Wrong with Genetically Modified Food?. Brooklyn: Polytechnic University, pdf Kitzinger, Jenny and Charlie Davison. Public perceptions of social and ethical issues around genetically modified foods: a focus group study. Cardiff: Cardiff University, pdf Krimsky, Sheldon.
Ethical Issues Involving Production, Planting and Distribution of Genetically Modified Crops. Medford: Tufts University, The business is also becoming one of the leading companies and a well-known case study of the fair trade principles within the market. The business is also creating a noble image within the target market through its efforts of creating awareness for paying the fair price to its coca producers. The image created by the business is significantly affecting its brand image as an ethical brand. The research of Britain is also evident of the findings presented above. USA consumer attitudes: According to Ma the consumers in United States are also familiar with the fair trade attitudes and principles.
The young consumers are highly likely to purchase products that are manufactured by the businesses incorporating fair trade principles. The consumers of young age group prefer to value the contributions of manufacturers towards fair trade principles Gropel, The graduates and educated high income group is also tilted towards…. References: Britain, G , Fair trade and development: seventh report of session , Vol. Willingness to Pay for Fair-Trade Coffe, Journal of consumer affairs, vol. DeCarlo, J , Fair trade and how it works, the Rosen Publishing Group.
Creativity in Design Leaders have a task of moving the organization forward in a fashion that is supported by all stakeholders. After allocating resources to bolster organizational success, leaders must primarily assess and accept the risks related innovation. Innovation includes accepting new management theories to replace the outdated philosophies widely incorporated into an organization's procedures and policies over time American Evaluation Association, This study aims to identify, discuss, and recommend strategies to create tension between existing management theories and management's ability to create new business paradigms. The study will also identify and discuss stakeholder attitudes towards innovation, ethics, and inclusion as primary drivers of a successful organization.
While focusing on innovation and ethics, the study will suggest ways in which organizational leadership can prepare a company for the future and current environmental changes. How leaders integrate innovative principles while adhering to industry and market mandates Integrity and…. References American Evaluation Association. American evaluators association guiding principles for evaluators. American Evaluation Association. Benchmarking for best practices: Winning through innovative adaptation. New York [u. Burton, R. Designing organizations: 21st century approaches. New York: Springer. DiMaggio, P. The twenty-first-century firm: Changing economic organization in international perspective.
Princeton, NJ [u. Ethical Philosophies Sometimes, when faced with a situation within murky ethical waters, there are difficult decisions to make. This is not made easier by the various philosophical outlooks available today, some of which would provide contradictory advice. The ethics of Emmanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, John awls, and Aristotle might, for example provide widely different viewpoints on whether a charitable donation should be accepted from a business person whose main income is from selling drugs. Ultimately, the choice lies with the individual, and the main question must be whether the person who accepts the donation can reasonably live with the final decision he or she makes.
According to Johnson , Kant's categorical imperative focuses on the command and action, divorcing the action from premeditated or related goals. It applies unconditionally to the imperative to engage in action such as leaving something alone or taking something. This can be applied to…. References Johnson, R. Zalta ed. Justice as Fairness. htm West, H. Encyclopedia Britannica. Ethical Treatment of Prisoners The treatment of a society's prisoners has been an issue of debate for centuries. The emotions surrounding such treatment are considerable and reaching a consensus on the best and fairest method is often difficult. Torture is considered illegal in most civilized societies and, therefore, in order to maintain an acceptable level of treatment an alternative and more humane approach must be established Filter, There presently exist two leading schools of moral thought: utilitarianism and deontology Gibbs, Despite what has been characterized as great differences between the two schools they seem to agree on most substantive issues.
Utilitarianism argues that the right action is the one, out those available, that maximizes one's total happiness. In the prisoner treatment situation this results in considering the emotional pain, physical discomfort, expense, and time involved in housing the prisoner against the advantages garnered by society such as retribution,…. Bibliography Bentham, J. Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Buffalo: Prometheus Books. Filter, J. Prisoner's Rights: The Supreme Court and Evolving Standards of Decency. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press. Gibbs, J. Social control deterrence and perspectives of social order. Social Forces, Kant, I. Critique of Practical Reason. Seattle: CreateSpace. Ethical Issues in Medicine Ethical Dimensions of esearch Studies Ethical issues in medicine: Clinical trials and cancer patients.
Clinical trials, in which a treatment or a drug is tested upon human beings, are a vital part of bringing a drug to market. It is essential that the treatment be shown to be safe, effective, and better than existing treatments of similar cost and safety levels. However, when developing a drug for patients who are facing a potentially terminal diagnosis such as cancer patients, the ethics of using clinical trials becomes extremely murky. But the patients in cancer trials are not data points; they are vulnerable people who often view a clinical trial as perhaps their last hope" Markman …. References Markman, Maurie. The needs of science vs. The needs of patients. Cleveland Clinic Journal Of Medicine, Ethical Behavior Theory in Organizations This analytical research report discusses the debatable issue of the much-needed ethical behavior in working milieu.
The research paper highlights the fundamental characteristics, a well-drafted research design, a separate section of suggestions; a orks Cited an appendix featuring important data and relevant diagrams pertaining to the organizational behavior theory and the underlying ethical issues. The orks Cited nine sources in MLA format. Works Cited Drucker P. Claremont Graduate Univ. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. Ethical Communication The Definition of Ethics In practically all areas of society ethical subjects are rapidly increasing.
Professionals in the health field struggle with ethical questions in relation to abortion, transplants, birth control, informed consent, life-support systems, malpractice suits, patient privacy, human genetics, and high costs of insurance, as well as care on the whole. Ethical matters in relation to nuclear power accidents, oil spills, disposal of industrial waste, defense weaponry, lead and asbestos poisoning, acid rain, as well as ecological balance challenge those in technology, science, and industry. People in the political ground deal with ethical queries in relation to unemployment, homelessness, foreign policy decisions, Social Security, welfare reform, electioneering costs, law enforcement practices, Central Intelligence Agency CIA activities, racial and gender discrimination, immigration control, drugs, crime, and lobbying actions.
The legal profession is blamed of unethical customs like engaging in doubtful plea-bargaining practices, motivating a harmful litigious spirit,…. Reference Arnett R. Dialogic education: Conversation about ideas and between persons. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. Berlo D. Dimensions for evaluating the acceptability of message sources. Public Opinion Quarterly, 33, Bauer R. The obstinate audience: The influence process from the point-of-view of social communication. American Psychologist, 19, Converse E. And Stokes L. Nonreactive measures in the social sciences. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. The Tasman Spirit crew and financiers should work to investigate acute health concerns as well as the marine ecosystem surrounding Karachai.
The American Club, likely one of two involved parties with the financial resources to affect significant change in the region which actually suffered the effects of the environmental disaster. ather than working against each other with suits and counter suits and the assorted other motions and legal actions underway, it would be most effective and positive for those two companies to work together with environmental awareness and protection agencies to restore the region. Step Three Affected Parties This portion of the analysis is concerned with the specific affected individual parties.
While it is important not to allow empathy for a specific group to outweigh the impartiality of an effective analysis it is also important to understand the relevant human components of a situation especially one which has such a…. References 1. Janjua, N. Acute health effects of the Tasman Spirit oil spill on residents of Karachi, Pakistan. BMC Public Health, 6, Ha, M. A literature review on health effects of exposure to oil spill. Journal of Preventative Medicine and Public Health 45,5 Ethical esponse to Diversity The rapid growth of business sectors has posed various challenges like workforce diversity: a natural phenomenon with both positive and negative impacts on employee performance depending on how effective it is managed.
This has affected both for-profit and non-profit sectors. In this context, this paper will investigate the impacts of workforce diversity on employee performance. The paper will use descriptive research design. This study will reveal that companies have strategies like support to minority groups, balanced recruitment and training, equal employment opportunities and diversity training. Besides employee's performance ability and level of education, no other workforce diversity variable can determine an employee's compensation. This paper has found that workforce diversity affects employee performance at varying levels considering both non-managerial and managerial employees of companies. It shows a significant degree of relationship between productivity levels and employee performance when the workforce is categorized by level of education,….
References Boyle, P. Organizational Ethics in Health Care: Principles, Cases, and Practical Solutions. Cornelius, N. Human resource management: A managerial perspective. London [u. Thomson Business. Davila, G. Human dignity and managerial responsibility: Diversity, rights, and sustainability. Farnham: Gower. Knapp, J. Leaders on ethics: Real-world perspectives on today's business challenges. Westport, Conn: Praeger. Emphasize the importance of courtesy, organization, and calmness to all staff members. These qualities on the part of the staff can reinforce the importance of generally good and ethical behaviour to the tourists, which may then carry over to their behaviour in the destination country.
Maintain a neutral stance on the culture of the destination country or countries. Making clear that all cultures have equal value and that ethical behaviour must be expected of all visitors. It must also be clear through explicit instructions and by example that tourists often have greater power than the people they are visiting and so must act with respect and restraint. Obey the laws, regulations, customs, and traditions of both departure and destination countries. This is clearly linked to the above. Charter airline companies are private corporations, which ensures that those who own them either directly or indirectly…. References Fennell, D. Tourism Ethics. Clevedon, England: Channel View. Fennell, D. And Malloy, D. Codes of Ethics in Tourism: Practice, Theory and Synthesis.
Holden, a. Tourism Studies and the Social Sciences. Oxon, England: Routledge. Krippendorf, J. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Ethical Challenge Scenaios in Healthcae Administation Scenaio 1: You have withdawn an offe at the last minute due to poo efeences to an ICU nuse manage candidate who has moved acoss the county to accept the job. The only way you will avoid a lawsuit is if she is hied somewhee else soon. A close colleague calls to ask you fankly why you withdew the offe. What do you say? This paticula scenaio seems like moe of a legal issue than an ethical question. An ethical dilemma would be about whethe to talk to the fiend o not. It seems that thee ae a few sepaate issues with egad to the oveall scenaio.
Fist, of couse is the legality of talking to the fiend at all. Why does she want to know? Did she ecommend the employee? Next, what does an offe of employment mean? Anothe point to expound upon…. references: A survey of recently enacted state legislation. William and Mary Law Review, 39 1. Meier, K. Employee turnover and organizational performance: testing a hypothesis from classical public administration. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18 4. Robinson, R. The changing legal environment for employers: Implications for small businesses. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 22 1. Yoder, B. How reasonable Is "Reasonable"?
The search for a satisfactory approach to employment handbooks. Duke Law Journal, 57 5. Ethical knowledge stems from the external world, what society has bred within us through our assimilation and experience within it. This is often set in place by societal foundations, legal requirements, and moral expectations of a community or culture at large. Ethical knowledge is thus shared by large groups of people from the same community or culture. On the other hand, personal knowledge is unique and often comes from our own internalization of the independent experiences each individual witness throughout his or her life.
This is much more internal and variant than ethical knowledge, where each individual has a different knowledge base founded from their own…. References Chinn, Peggy L. Integrated Theory and Knowledge Development in Nursing. From the utilitarian perspective, it can be assumed that the use of spyware will reduce the private use of computers and restore the lost work hours, which is a benefit for the company. Employee relationships with the company will be damaged, however, perhaps irrevocably, and this could also affect productivity. Managing the data from the spyware will also require company resources, which can be seen as a detriment. Deontologically speaking, it is generally considered wrong to spy, but it is also wrong to waste company time when an employee is accepting money in an agreement to work, not take care of private business.
The two wrongs do not cancel each other out, but either decision leaves one side wronged, so neither system provides a direct answer to the problem. A combination of the two approaches is not impossible, and in fact makes a great deal of sense in this scenario. References Alexander, L. Accessed 24 January Mautner, T. The Penguin dictionary of philosophy. New York: Penguin. The foundational ideas of the limits of science and medical ethics goes back a very long way and as it has evolved over the centuries, certain laws, rules, regulations and taboos have been put in place to protect the human race from that sometimes blurred line between scientific discovery and human existence. Medical ethics created a system, bound by the ideals of many that came before them to control this blurring and attempt to stand between sciences desire to discover and the public and individual's desire to remain safe and in control of one's own body.
A long time medical ethicist discusses the history of medical ethics as one that was founded on the principles of the ancients, but that has now become one where medical ethicists are demanding concrete answers, even laws to guide and demand decisions regarding medical ethics be enforced. Works Cited Adler, Robert E. Medical Firsts: From Hippocrates to the Human Genome. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, Harvey, William. Lectures on the Whole of Anatomy: An Annotated Translation of Prelectiones Anatomiae Universalis. Trans C. O'Malley, F. Poynter, and K. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, Jecker, Nancy S. Marble, Annie Russell. The Nobel Prize Winners in Literature. New York: D. Appleton, Ethical behavior of a person or a corporation greatly affects the stakeholders with which that person is involved.
Often, people and companies take serious consideration when it comes to those stakeholders, and they work to take good care of the people who are involved with them Keller, There have been cases, though, where ethical behavior has been ignored in the name of profit. Eventually, most companies and people who ignore their ethics are caught and punished, but not before they end up harming the financial and emotional lives of many of their stakeholders. Plato once said that the nature and the origin of justice was that men who were capable of doing wrong to other people would often do so. He also said that men who did not have enough strength to keep themselves from being harmed by others would not do harm to other people.
In other words,…. References Anderson, A. Downsizing and the Meaning of Work. Babson College Business Ethics Program. Keller, K. What does a business owe the community? The Signal. Ethical and Legal obligations in financial reporting is extremely important in today's world, fraught as it is with corporate frauds and accounting scams and scandals of every other sort. One Company, the Thornburg Investment Company, has taken a firm stand on financial reporting within its company, wherein all concerned officials are expected to report accurately, any actual, as well as suspected violations and breaches in the laws and rules and regulations of the company, to the appropriate personnel, immediately.
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